DBMS Normalization Short Notes
Simple B.Tech notes for 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and BCNF with examples and MCQs.
Definition
Normalization is a database design technique used to divide large tables into smaller related tables. The goal is to reduce duplicate data and prevent anomalies during insert, update and delete operations.
Normal forms
- 1NF: Each cell should contain atomic/single values.
- 2NF: Table should be in 1NF and have no partial dependency.
- 3NF: Table should be in 2NF and have no transitive dependency.
- BCNF: For every functional dependency X → Y, X must be a candidate key.
Exam tip
In answers, always mention dependency type, anomaly removed and one small example. This makes normalization answers much stronger in semester exams.
Practice MCQs
- Partial dependency
- Multivalued attributes
- Transitive dependency
- Candidate keys
- Partial dependency
- All keys
- Tables
- SQL queries
- Atomic values
- Transitive dependency
- Primary key
- Foreign key
- Foreign key
- Candidate key
- Composite attribute
- Null
- Redundancy
- Security
- Data integrity
- Table names
FAQs
Normalization is the process of organizing database tables to reduce redundancy and avoid update, insert and delete anomalies.
1NF, 2NF, 3NF and BCNF are most important for B.Tech semester exams, viva and interviews.
BCNF is stricter than 3NF. In BCNF, every determinant must be a candidate key.
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